A krónikus vénás elégtelenséghez (KVE) társuló fekély

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From blended to online : the story of a pre-service teacher training course on integrating information and communication technology into ELT

The paper describes the process of designing a pre-service teacher training course on the use of information and communication technologies in ELT and shows how the transition to online education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic affected it. The course was originally designed as a blended one with a focus on exploiting ICT for effective skills development in face-to-face lessons and online home assignments. Due to the pandemic in 2020, it moved online, which created an unexpected opportunity for experimenting with ICT inclusion in fully online ELT and modifying the course accordingly. While the original focus on skills development was kept, new content areas, such as online assessment, gamification and interactions in online environments were added. The process described as well as the participating students’ post-course reflections refined our understanding of online course design and ICT use and is hoped to provide guidelines for similar experiments in other teacher education contexts

A szövegalkotás tanítása feladatbank segítségével, 9–10. évfolyamon

A PISA (Vári, 2003) és az IEA (Kádárné Fülöp, 1990) nemzetközi összehasonlító vizsgálatok egyértelműen megmutatták, hogy gyökeres átalakuláson kell keresztülmennie a magyar közoktatásnak. Paradigmaváltásra azért van szükség a közoktatásban, mert „a mai iskola az abbahagyás stratégiájával működteti a képességfejlesztést” (Nagy, 2006). A képességek, készségek fejlesztéséhez azonban sokévi folyamatos gyakorlásra lenne szükség. Ez azt jelenti, hogy „a fogalmazási képességet és ennek készségeit is egészen a közoktatás végéig fejleszteni kellene” (Nagy, 2006)

Szakképzés a felsőoktatásban a számok tükrében

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Assimilation capacity by non-destructive in situ measurements in longterm experiment of maize (Zea mays L.) under different plant density and nitrigen supply in Chernozem

Article Details: Received: 2019-10-15      |      Accepted: 2019-12-31      |      Available online: 2020-03-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.01.7-14We conducted a long term experiment (set up in 1983) to examine the effects of fertilization and plant density on SPAD and LAI values as well as yield in 2017 and 2018, in two maize hybrids (Sushi, Fornad) in chernozem soil. Hybrid yields varied between 10.2– 16.7 t ha-1 in 2017 and between 9.3–15.9 t ha-1 in 2018, depending on fertilization doses and plant density. The hybrids had SPADmax values in early July (55.5–60.4 in 2017 and 54.9–63.9 in 2018), whereas they got LAImax values in early July (3.0–5.3 m2 m-2 in 2017) and early August (3.5–4.4 m2 m-2 in 2018). Research data evaluated by Pearson correlation calculations proved that fertilization was the main factor that had a significant effect on SPAD and LAI values in the different maize phenophases (r = 0.6**–0.8** for SPAD, r = 0.5**–0.8** for LAI). Correlation among plant density, hybrid and SPAD and LAI values showed very weak correlations in both years (r = 0.1–0.3). The yield of the maize hybrids was most significantly affected by fertilizer in 2017 (r = 0.672**) and plant density in 2018 (r = 0.517**).Keywords: long term experiment, LAI, SPAD, yield, Pearson correlationReferencesAhmad, M. et al. (2010). Agro-physiological traits of three maize hybrids as influenced by varying plant density. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20(1), 34–39Azeez, J.O. (2009). Effect of nitrogen application and weed interference on performance of some tropical maize genotypes in Nigeria. Pedosphere,19(5), 654–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1002-0160(09)60160-0Bavec, F. and Bavec, M. (2002). Effects of plant population on leaf area index, cob characteristics and grain yield of early maturing maize cultivars (FAO 100–400). European Journal of Agronomy, 16(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00126-5Bencze, G. and Futó, Z. (2017). Examination of the relationship between the relative chlorophyll content, leaf area index and yield of maize in a monoculture long term experiment. Recent social and economic processes, 12(3), 21–28.Berzsenyi, Z. et al. (2011). Long-term effect of crop production factors on the yield and yield stability of maize (Zea mays L.) in different years. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 59(3), 191–200 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.59.2011.3.1Berzsenyi, Z. (2010). Use of growth analysis to describe the N fertiliser responses of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Acta agronomica hungarica: a quarterly of the hungarian academy of sciences: an international multidisciplinary journal in agricultural science, 58(1), 95–101.Carlone, M.R. and Russel, W.A. (1987). Response to plant densities and N levels for four maize cultivars from different ears of breeding. Crop Science, 27(3), 465–470. https://doi. org/10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700030008xCarter, G.A. (1994). Ratios of leaf reflectances in narrow wavebands as indicators of plant stress. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15(3), 697–703. https://doi. org/10.1080/01431169408954109Dóka, L. F. (2015). The impact of different crop years on the water balance of the soil in mono- and biculture maize in different crop densities. Crop production, 64(2), 5–28.D’haene, K. et al. (2007). Nitrogen and phosphorus balances of Hungarian farms. European Journal of Agronomy, 26(3), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.10.005Esechie, H. A. (1992). Effect of planting density on growth and yield of irrigated maize (Zea mays) in the Batinah Coast region of Oman. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 119(2), 165– 169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600014076Fulton, J.M. (1970) Relationship among soil moisture stress, plant populations, row spacing and yield of maize. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 50(1), 31–38. https://doi. org/10.4141/cjps70-005Haegele, J.W. et al. (2014). Row arrangement, phosphorous fertility, and hybrid contributions to managing increased plant density of maize. Agronomy Journal, 106(5), 1838–1846. https://doi.org/10.2134/cs2014-47-6-11Hawkins, T.S. et al. (2009). Modeling the Relationship between Extractable Chlorophyll and SPAD-502 Readings for Endangered Plant Species Research. Journal for Nature Conservation, 17(2), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2008.12.007Körschens, M. (2006). The importance of long-term experiments for soil science and environmental research – a review. Plant Soil Environ., 52(special issue), 1–8.Ma, B.L. et al. (2005). Comparison of Crop-Based Indicators with Soil Nitrate Test for Maize Nitrogen Requirement. Agron. Journal, 97(2), 462–471. https://doi.org/10.2134/ agronj2005.0462Martinez, D.E. and Guiamet, J.J. (2004) Distortion of the SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter readings by changes in irradiance and leaf water status. Agronomie, 24(1), 41–46. https://doi. org/10.1051/agro:2003060Micskei, GY. et al. (2012). Relationships between maize yield and growth parameters in a long-term fertilization experiment. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 60(3), 209–219. https://doi. org/10.1556/AAgr.60.2012.3.4Nagy, J. (2010). The present and the future of cultivation of maize. Crop Production, 59(3), 85–111.Novenyterm.59.2010.3.6 Novoa, R. and Loomis, R.S. (1981). Nitrogen and Plant Production. Plant and Soil, 58(1–3), 177–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02180053Oikeh, S.O. et al. (1998). Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Effects on Maize Grain Quality in the West African Moist Savanna. Crop Science, 38(4), 1056–1061. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1998.0011183X003800040029xPepó, P. and Murányi, E. (2014) Plant density impact on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids on chernozem soil of the Eastern Hungary. Columella-Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 1(2), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.18380/ SZIE.COLUM.2014.1.2.95Pepó, P. and Murányi, E. (2015). Examinations of cultivated area of different maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Crop production, 64(2), 1–17.Remison, S.U. and Lucas, E.O. (1982). Effects of planting density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria. Experimental Agriculture, 18(1) 93–100. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0014479700013478Russel, W.A. (1991). Genetic improvement of maize yields. Adv. Agron., 46(1), 245–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0065-2113(08)60582-9Sárvári, M. and Pepó, P. (2014). Effect of Production Factors on Maize Yield and Yield Stability. Cereal Research Communications, 42(4), pp. 710–720. https://doi.org/10.1556/ CRC.2014.0009Su, Y.J. et al. (2012). Effects of planting density on growth and yield of summer maize Xundan 28. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 24(6), 49–50, 53.Széles, A. (2008). The effect of crop year and fertilization on the interaction between the spad value and yield of maize (Zea mays l.) within non-irrigated conditions. Cereal Research Communications, 36(Supll. 5), 1367–1370.Széles, A. et al. (2011) Effect of N fertilisation on the chlorophyll content and grain yield of maize in different crop years. Crop Production, 60(Suppl.), 161–164.Széll, E. et al. (2010). Results of maize fertilization experiments on 4 different soil type. Crop Production, 59(4), 41–61.Tajul, M.I. et al. (2013). Influence of plant population and nitrogen-fertilizer at various levels on growth and growth efficiency of maize. The Scientific World Journal, 2013(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/193018Valadabadi, S.A. and Farahani, H.A. (2010). Effects of planting density and pattern on physiological growth indices in maize (Zea mays L.) under nitrogenous fertilizer application. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2(3), 40–47.Ványiné, Sz. A. et al. (2012). Irrigation and nitrogen effects on the leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield of maize in different crop years. Agricultural water management, 107(1), 133–144.Vári, E. a Pepó, P. (2011). Vplyv agrotechnických vlastností na agronomické vlastnosti v dlhodobom experimente. Crop Production, 60 (4), 115–130 https://doi.org/10.1556/ Novenyterm.60.2011.4.6Yu, H. a kol. (2010). Vyhodnotenie SPAD a Dualex na odhad stavu dusíkového kukurice v sezóne. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 36 (5), 840 - 847. https://doi.org/10.3724/ SP.J.1006.2010.00840

Ki szeret iskolába járni? : Az iskolai kötődés, a motiváció, az énhatékonyság és a tanulmányifelelősség-vállalás vizsgálata

Az iskolai eredményesség és a diákok mentálhigiénés állapota szempontjából is lényeges, hogy a diákok az iskolában jól érezzék magukat, pozitív érzelmekkel kapcsolódjanak az intézményhez és annak egyes elemeihez. Ezt a viszonyulást fejezi ki az iskolai kötődés fogalma (Hirschi, 1969; Szabó és Virányi, 2011). Kérdőíves módszerre épülő vizsgálatunkban 10. és 11. osztályos (N=157) diákok körében kerestünk választ arra, hogy a tanulmányi eredményesség, a motivációs jellemzők, az énhatékonyság és az észlelt tanulmányi felelősség érzése milyen kapcsolatban áll az iskolához való viszonnyal. A 2x2-es célorientációs elmélet (Elliot és Church, 1997; Pajor, 2013) alapján megvizsgáltuk, melyik motivációs stratégia segíti elő leginkább az iskolai kötődést. Eredményeink szerint a közelítő elsajátítási motiváció, a tanulmányi eredményesség és az énhatékonyság érzése jósolja be leginkább az iskolához való kötődés mértékét. Az észlelt tanulmányi felelősség hatását ebben a vizsgálatban nem sikerült bizonyítani